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The autonomous region is an integral part of the European Union as an outermost region.

The region has political and administrative autonomy through the Administrative Political Statute of the Autonomous Region of Madeira provided for in the Portuguese Constitution. The archipelago includes the islands of Madeira, Porto Santo, and the Desertas, administered together with the separate archipelago of the Savage Islands.

The capital of Madeira is Funchal, which is located on the main island's south coast. Its total population was estimated in 2021 at 251,060. Madeira is geologically located on the African Tectonic Plate, though the archipelago is culturally, economically and politically European. It is an archipelago situated in the North Atlantic Ocean, in a region known as Macaronesia, just under 400 kilometres (250 mi) to the north of the Canary Islands and 520 kilometres (320 mi) west of Morocco. Madeira ( / m ə ˈ d ɪər ə/ mə- DEER-ə, US also /- ˈ d ɛər-/ -⁠ DAIR-, Portuguese: ), officially the Autonomous Region of Madeira ( Portuguese: Região Autónoma da Madeira), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal, the other being the Azores.